Business immigration to Europe: Portugal, Malta or Spain?

Before choosing a country for investment immigration, you need to consider your family’s official status. Getting visas is not suitable since they are valid for a limited time and are not suitable for all family members.

5 questions about a residence permit and permanent residence

For legal residence in the country, you need a more long-term and solid status, e.g. a temporary or permanent residence permit. Compared to obtaining citizenship, getting a residence permit and permanent residence require fewer costs and is suitable for wealthy families.

It is impossible to obtain a residence permit in Europe quickly and easily. Getting a residence permit in France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, and even more so in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark will be highly problematic, with the process taking many years.

Moreover, everything can end in a fiasco since no one guarantees you a positive result, even if you buy real estate, open a business or get a job in these countries.

We recommend paying attention to European countries with government programs for investors — Portugal, Malta, and Spain. If you meet all the conditions, you will receive a residence permit in 4—8 months for your entire family.

Half of Immigrant Invest clients are interested in not only moving to Europe but also starting a business there. They want to choose a proper tax jurisdiction for the company with benefits and protect their savings.

Malta has one of the most favourable conditions for entrepreneurs in Europe and provides numerous benefits. There are government programs in operation that are designed to help develop entrepreneurship.

Business in Malta: benefits, taxes and features

There are three primary forms of companies registered in Malta:

1. A closed company with limited liability: the entire capital of the business is distributed in shares between company members.

2. Partnership with unlimited liability: all partners are equally liable for their debts and liabilities.

3. Limited liability partnership: each partner’s liabilities are limited by their share in the company’s capital.

Portugal provides a residence permit for opening a new business or investments in an сurrent Portuguese company. Investors can choose an appropriate investment object depending on their budget, objectives and investment strategy.

Options for Portugal investment immigration and obtaining residence permits:

1. Invest in a business from €500,000 with the creation of at least 5 jobs.

2. Open a company and create at least 10 jobs.

The most common registration of joint-stock companies of closed and open types:

• Closed Joint Stock Company — Sociedade por Quotas. The size of the company’s authorised capital depends on the field of activity and ranges from €1 to €5,000. The minimum number of shareholders is two.

• Open a Joint Stock Company — Sociedade Anónima. This form of enterprise is suitable for large businesses. The size of the authorised capital is not less than €10,000, and the minimum number of shareholders is 5 people.

Investors can get a special tax status of a Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) in Portugal. Its owners are exempt from paying taxes on global income. Income earned in Portugal is taxed at a flat rate of 20%.

Beneficial tax status in Portugal

Spain provides a residence permit by investment to open a company in the country and create jobs for Spanish citizens. The most common form is a closed joint-stock company — Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada.

Option for Spain investment immigration under the Golden Visa program:

1. Purchase shares of companies that are residents of Spain for €1,000,000.

2. Opening a company and creating jobs.

The amount of investment and the number of jobs created are not strictly required. However, it is obvious that when considering applications, preference is given to large business projects that will bring more income to the state treasury in the form of tax deductions.

When extending a residence permit, the company’s assets must remain at the same level or more as when it was opened. In addition, the business must be successful and profitable, and all taxes must be paid on time.

Malta has two state investment immigration programs. An investor can obtain Malta citizenship only by naturalisation, and one of the paths is for special services by direct investment.

Residence permit in Malta for tax optimisation. Malta is one of six EU countries with a VAT below 20%. Simultaneously, you become a tax resident of the country, and you also rent a property in Malta worth €12,000 per year.

Taxation and income tax in Malta

Malta does not have taxes on gifts, inheritance and, in some cases, property.

Another significant advantage of Malta’s tax system is that you can be a tax resident even if you spend less than 183 days in the country. To do this, you need to obtain domicile status.

Permanent residence in Malta is granted to investors who fulfil four conditions:

1. Rent or buy housing in the country. The rental price starts from €10,000 per year in the south of Malta or the island of Gozo and €12,000 in the north or centre of the country. The minimum purchase price is €300,000 in the south of Malta or Gozo and rises to €370,000 in the north or centre of the country.

2. Pay a state contribution: €58,000 when renting a home and €28,000 when buying.

3. Pay an administrative fee of €40,000.

4. Make a charitable donation of €2,000.

The investor also confirms that he owns assets worth at least €500,000. Of these, €150,000 must be liquid financial assets.

George, 32

A businessman from Ukraine

Malta permanent residents for expanding business and improving life quality for all family members

George and Catherine have been thinking about relocating and obtaining status in another country. They had a prosperous business in Ukraine and were looking for a new opportunity to expand. Furthermore, they considered relocation as an investment in their children’s future.

We drew the client’s attention to Malta’s state permanent residence program. As a result, George decided that this particular program was the optimal solution to his problems.

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Malta citizenship by naturalisation for special services by direct investment is also available. The applicant first receives a residence permit and passes a Due Diligence check. After a year or three years, he gets the opportunity to apply for citizenship.

To obtain a passport, an investor needs to:

1. Rent or buy housing on the island. Rental price starts at €16,000 and purchases are around €700,000.

2. Make a non-refundable contribution to the state fund of €600,000 if they apply for citizenship three years after the residence permit and from €750,000 a year later.

3. Make a charitable donation of €10,000.

Explore the benefits and requirements of the Maltese investment programme

Portugal residency by investment. The Portuguese government offers a maximum of investment options to the countries we compare. The most popular of them are related to real estate.

Portugal real estate investment options:

1. Purchase of any residential or commercial property from €500,000.

2. Purchase objects over 30 years old that require reconstruction from €350,000.

Since 2022, residential real estate is allowed to be bought only in thу country’s interior regions and autonomous areas like Madeira and the Azores. It is no longer possible to obtain a residence permit in Portugal to purchase residential property in large and coastal cities popular among tourists, such as Lisbon, Cascais, Porto and others. Commercial property is not subject to limitations.

To get Portugal residence by investment, applicants can also:

1. Capital transfer to Portugal for €1.5 million.

2. Buy shares in investment funds for €500,000.

3. Finance scientific research from €500,000.

4. Invest in the restoration of national heritage from €250,000.

Spanish residence permit program confers investor and his family members' residential status in exchange for property, business, and securities investments. Buying property is the most sought after option in the Spanish investment program. The residence permit is issued for a year and can be renewed twice for 2 years. After 5 years, the property can be sold, and the investment returned to you.

Spanish resident permit program options:

• Purchase of residential, commercial real estate or land in the amount of €500,000.

• Deposit in one of the banks of Spain for €1,000,000.

• Purchase of government bonds for €2,000,000.

In addition to investments, applicants for a residence permit need to confirm their financial solvency. An amount at least 4 times the annual minimum wage must be transferred to a Spanish bank account.

Practical Guide

Practical Guide

Ultimate comparison of Golden Visa programs

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From the perspective of the costs of obtaining a status, the permanent residence program in Malta looks preferable: an investor spends a minimum of €150,000.

In Portugal, applicants are offered seven investment options. The minimal investment opportunity is $250,000 in culture and art. But this option is not in demand at all. The most popular choice is a real estate purchase costing $350,000, reducing expenses by 20% for property in low-density areas.

Immigration by investment in Spain will cost from €500,000 as that’s how much you need to buy liquid real estate.

In all three countries, investments are returnable: you need to own assets for 5 years, after which they can be sold.

Government fees:

1. Portugal Golden Visa: application fee — €533 per person; residence permit card issuance fee — €5,340 per person.

2. Spain Golden Visa: application fee — €975; residence permit card issuance fee — €5,000.

Taxes:

1. Malta permanent residence (Purchase of real estate) — 5% of the real estate value.

2. Portugal Golden Visa — 6 to 8% of the real estate value.

3. Spain Golden Visa — 7 to 12% of the transaction amount for new buildings$ 6 to 10% of the cadastral value for secondary housing; up to 25% for commercial real estate.

Other expenses that are not regulated by law:

1. Malta permanent residence (Rent a property): medical insurance — €400+ per person; translation and apostille of documents, notary fee — €4,000+.

2. Malta permanent residence (Purchase of real estate): medical insurance — €400+ per person.

3. Portugal Golden Visa: medical insurance — €400+ per person.

4. Spain Golden Visa: medical insurance — €400+ per person.

Investors choose insurers, translation agencies and notary services themselves. It is not stated in the programs’ terms which companies investors should turn to.

Malta permanent residence program enables you to have children, parents, and grandparents of any age in the application. But you can’t bring siblings with you as in the Malta residence permit program.

Each Malta investment program allows participation for not being a married couple.

In all cases, children over 18 years old and parents and grandparents should be principally dependent on the principal applicant and provide proving documents.

Malta citizenship by naturalisation for particular services by direct investment offers two terms of obtaining a passport depending on the investment route — one and three years. It’s quite a fast process, considering general naturalisation in EU countries takes 5—10 years.

3—4 months take to obtain a Malta temporary residence permit. Application for Maltese permanent residence is considered within 4—6 months. Another month or two is spent on document preparation.

Visa-free travel across the Schengen Area and other countries. Residents of Malta, Portugal and Spain have the freedom of travel within the Schengen Area, which includes 26 European countries. The visa-free stay in any region’s country is 90 days in half a year.

Malta citizenship provides investors with visa-free entry to more than 180 countries. The list includes the Schengen states, the UK, Singapore and Hong Kong. It is enough to get an Electronic Travel Authorization to visit Canada and the USA.

Residing in the EU. Permanent residency allows living in any EU country. Residence permit cards give such an opportunity only in the country which issues the resident cards.

Prospect of obtaining EU citizenship. Malta permanent residence is granted for life. To obtain citizenship, you must apply separately and pass an English or Maltese language proficiency test.

Conditions for obtaining a European passport in Portugal are similar. A residence permit allows you to apply for citizenship after 5 years of residence, provided that you know Portuguese at the basic A2 level.

A residence permit in Spain, combined with living in the country for 10 years, gives you the right to apply for citizenship.

Andrew, 31 years old

IT company owner

Portuguese citizenship after a “Golden Visa”

Our client Andrew wants to promote his services to European markets. He needs to visit Europe often and open a bank account. He also does not want to constantly apply for or renew visas and control the number of days spent in the Schengen area.

Under the Portugal Golden Visa Program, he can get an EU passport after 5 years of residency. At the same time, it is not required to live in the country for 183 days a year, and the investment amount is from €500,000.

Andrew was in no hurry to obtain a second citizenship, so he was quite satisfied with the period of 5 years. Moreover, the program solved all his main tasks at this stage of life.

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Malta, Portugal, and Spain have the same living standards and occupy high European and world rankings positions. For example, in the Prosperity Index ranking from the Legatum Institute in 2021, Spain ranked 24th, Malta — 25th, and Portugal — 28th.

Malta, Spain and Portugal are southern countries with a friendly culture, a high level of security, and a mild climate. It should be noted that Malta is chosen mainly by people who want to connect to the UK, as British culture is actively developed on the island.

We will not draw unequivocal conclusions since the programs of all three countries address various issues and problems. However, as a versatile option that suits most families and is the most popular, we recommend paying attention to the Malta Permanent Residence Program.